Using three-dimensional anatomical models while talking to a client greatly facilitates the educational process. Thanks to the model, the doctor can point to elements of the skull structure causing animal’s diseases and simultaneously compare the brachycephalic skull structure with a skull of a dog of mesocephalic or dolichocephalic breeds, that do not have such ailments.

Cauda equina syndrome is a set of conditions resulting from pathologies occurring between the last lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum. Those pathologies also affect intervertebral disc, tissues of this area and nerves reffered to as filum terminale. This syndrome may be caused by basically any disturbance which leads to spinal stenosis and therefore to pressure on neural structures.